The Indian Army is one of the armed forces of India and has responsibility for land-based military operations. It has the primary responsibility of maintaining the peace and security of the country, patrolling the borders and conducting counter terrorist operations. It also conducts rescue and humanitarian operations during calamities and disturbances, and has frequently been called upon to maintain the internal security of the country.
The Indian Army has a total troop strength of around 2.5 million (1.3 million active and 1.2 million reserve) and is the second largest standing army in the world. It is a completely voluntary service - the military draft never having been imposed in India. The army has rich combat experience in diverse terrains, considering India's diversity on this front, and also has a distinguished history of serving in United Nations peacekeeping operations.
The force is headed by the Chief of Army Staff, currently General J.J. Singh. The highest rank in the Indian Army is Field Marshal, but it is an honorary rank and appointments are made by the President of India - on the advice of the Union Cabinet of Ministers - only in exceptional circumstances. General S.H.F.J. Manekshaw and the late General K.M. Cariappa are the only two officers to have attained this rank. Though a Field Marshal is an honorary rank, the officer is held to 'never retire'. and are entitled to uniform and flag as applicable to serving (active duty) officers throughout life.
Role
Main article: Military history of India History
Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1947 The First Kashmir War
Presently, the Indian army has dedicated one brigade of troops to the UN's standby arrangements. The large number of sustained troop commitments India has come in for much praise for taking part in difficult operations for prolonged periods.
The Indian Army has participated in several UN peace-keeping operations, including the ones in Angola, Cambodia, Cyprus, Congo, El Salvador, Namibia, Lebanon, Liberia, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia & Vietnam. The army also provided a paramedical unit to facilitate the withdrawal of the sick and wounded in Korea.
Indian Army participation in UN peace-keeping operations
Presently, the Indian army has dedicated one brigade of troops to the UN's standby arrangements. The large number of sustained troop commitments India has come in for much praise for taking part in difficult operations for prolonged periods.
The Indian Army has participated in several UN peace-keeping operations, including the ones in Angola, Cambodia, Cyprus, Congo, El Salvador, Namibia, Lebanon, Liberia, Mozambique, Rwanda, Somalia & Vietnam. The army also provided a paramedical unit to facilitate the withdrawal of the sick and wounded in Korea.
Indian Army participation in UN peace-keeping operations
Main article: Operation Polo
Liberation of Hyderabad, 1948
Even though the British and French vacated all their colonial possessions in the Indian subcontinent, Goa, Daman and Diu remained under Portuguese control. In 1961, after repeated Portuguese refusals to negotiate towards leaving, New Delhi ordered a small contingent of its troops to invade the Portuguese territories and secure them. It was called Operation Vijay. Unable to withstand the assault, Portugal signed a truce with India and gave up its control over the small territories, which formally became part of the Indian Union.
Goa, Daman and Diu Operation (1961)
Liberation of Hyderabad, 1948Even though the British and French vacated all their colonial possessions in the Indian subcontinent, Goa, Daman and Diu remained under Portuguese control. In 1961, after repeated Portuguese refusals to negotiate towards leaving, New Delhi ordered a small contingent of its troops to invade the Portuguese territories and secure them. It was called Operation Vijay. Unable to withstand the assault, Portugal signed a truce with India and gave up its control over the small territories, which formally became part of the Indian Union.
Goa, Daman and Diu Operation (1961)
Main article: Sino-Indian War The Indo-China Conflict- 1962
Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1965 Indo-Pakistani War of 1965
Main article: Indo-Pakistani War of 1971 Bangladesh Liberation War-1971
Since the mid 1980's there has been an ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan at Siachen Glacier. Considered the world's highest battleground the battle is over differences in where the boundary is in this remote snowbound region. In 1987, 23rd september, a battle which went unreported in many quarters when 8 soldiers of the Indian Army, successfully defended & repulsed an attack & inflicated heavy casualties on Pakistani forces. In this battle 3 Indian soliders were killed including Subedar Laik Raj(commander of the post). Reports indicated the pakistani lost approximately 800 of its Special forces soldiers & Northern light infantry. The attack continued till 25th september. The attack was launched as a reply to the Indians who captured the Quaid post(now known Bana Post). But, it was just the opposite, to what Pakistani's expected. The post was located at 22,000 feet at siachen & temperature at -30 degree celsius.
Siachen
The Indian Army has played a crucial role in the past in fighting insurgents and terrorists in the nation. The army launched Operation Bluestar and Operation Woodrose in the 1980s to combat Sikh insurgents. The army, along with Indian Paramilitary Forces, has the prime responsibility of maintaining law and order in the troubled Jammu and Kashmir region.
Counter-insurgency activities
Since the mid 1980's there has been an ongoing conflict between India and Pakistan at Siachen Glacier. Considered the world's highest battleground the battle is over differences in where the boundary is in this remote snowbound region. In 1987, 23rd september, a battle which went unreported in many quarters when 8 soldiers of the Indian Army, successfully defended & repulsed an attack & inflicated heavy casualties on Pakistani forces. In this battle 3 Indian soliders were killed including Subedar Laik Raj(commander of the post). Reports indicated the pakistani lost approximately 800 of its Special forces soldiers & Northern light infantry. The attack continued till 25th september. The attack was launched as a reply to the Indians who captured the Quaid post(now known Bana Post). But, it was just the opposite, to what Pakistani's expected. The post was located at 22,000 feet at siachen & temperature at -30 degree celsius.
Siachen
The Indian Army has played a crucial role in the past in fighting insurgents and terrorists in the nation. The army launched Operation Bluestar and Operation Woodrose in the 1980s to combat Sikh insurgents. The army, along with Indian Paramilitary Forces, has the prime responsibility of maintaining law and order in the troubled Jammu and Kashmir region.
Counter-insurgency activities
Main article: Kargil War The Kargil Operation in 1999
Major Exercises
After the December 13, 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament, Operation Parakram was launched in which tens of thousands of Indian troops were deployed along the Indo-Pakistan border. India blamed Pakistan for backing the attack. The operation was the largest military exercise carried out by any Asian country. Its prime objective is still unclear but appears to have been to prepare the army for any future nuclear conflict with Pakistan, which seemed increasingly possible after the December attack on the Indian parliament.
Operation Parakram
It has since been stated that the main goal of this exercise was to validate mobilisation strategies of the Ambala-based II Strike Corps. Air support was a part of this exercise, and an entire battalion of paratroops was paradropped during the conduct of the war games, with allied equipment. Some 20,000 jawans took part in the exercise.
Exercise Ashwamedha
Initially, the army's main objective was to defend the nation's frontiers. However, over the years, the army has also taken up the responsibility of providing internal security, especially in insurgent-hit Kashmir and north-east.
The army has a strength of about a million troops and fields 34 divisions. Its headquarters is located in the Indian capital New Delhi and it is under the overall command of the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), currently General Joginder Jaswant Singh.
Structure of the Indian Army
The army operates 6 tactical commands and one training command known as ARTRAC. Each command is headed by General Officer Commanding-in-Chief with the rank of Lieutenant General. Each command is directly affiliated to the Army HQ in New Delhi. These commands are given below in their correct order of raising, location (city) and their commanders.
Commands
Corps
A Corps is an army field formation responsible for a sector within a Command. There are 3 types of Corps in the Indian Army: Strike, Holding & Mixed. A Command generally consists of 2 or more Corps. A corps has Army Divisions under its command. The Corps HQ is the highest field formation in the army.
Field formation
In addition to this (not to be confused with the Field Corps mentioned above) are the Corps or Arms (Departmental) of the Indian Army. The corps mentioned below are the functional divisions entrusted with specific pan-Army tasks.
Services
Indian Infantry Regiments
Armoured Corps Regiments - The Armoured Corps School and Centre is at Ahmednagar.
Regiment of Artillery - The School of Artillery is at Devlali near Nasik.
Corps of Engineers - Centers at Bangalore,Roorkee, Pune.
Regiment of Air Defence Artillery - Center at Gopalpur in Orissa State.
Mechanised Infantry - Regimental Center at Ahmednagar.
Corps of Signals
Army Aviation Corps
Army Dental Corps
Army Education Corps - Center at Pachmarhi.
Army Medical Corps - Center at Lucknow.
Army Ordnance Corps - Centers at Jabalpur andSecunderabad.
Army Postal Service Corps
Army Service Corps - Center at Bangalore
Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers- Center at Secunderabad .
Corps of Military Police [3] - Center at Bangalore
Intelligence Corps - Center at Pune.
Judge Advocate General's Deptt. - Institute of Military Law kamptee,Nagpur.
Military Farms Service
Military Nursing Service
Remount and Veterinary Corps
Pioneer Corps Arms
These arms comprises a sizable number of Army personnel under deputation. The director generals for these arms reports to the Ministry of Home Affairs, rather than Ministry of Defence except for BRO where the DG reports to Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways.
Rashtriya Rifles
National Security Guards or NSG
National Cadet Corps or NCC
Assam Rifles
Border Roads Organisation Quasi Army Arms
Division: An Army Division is an intermediate between a Corps and a Brigade. It is the largest striking force in the army. Each Division is headed by [General Officer Commanding] (GOC) in the rank of Major General. It usually consists 15,000 combat troops and 8,000 support elements. Currently, the Indian Army has 34 Divisions including 4 Rapid (Re-organised Army Plains Infantry Divisions) Action Divisions, 18 Infantry Divisions, 10 Mountain Divisions, 3 Armoured Divisions and 2 Artillery Divisions. Each Division composes of several Brigades.
Brigade: The Brigade is smaller than the Division and generally consists of 3 Infantry Battalions along with elements of various Combat & Support Arms & Services. It is headed by a Brigadier equivalent to a Brigadier General. The Indian Army also has 5 Independent Armoured Brigades, 15 Independent Artillery Brigades, 7 Independent Infantry Brigades, 1 Independent Parachute Brigade,3 Independent Air Defence Brigades, 2 Independent Air Defence Groups and 4 Independent Engineer Brigades. These Independent Brigades operate directly under the Corps Commander (GOC Corps).
Battalion: A Battalion is commanded by a Colonel and is the Infantry's main fighting unit. It consists of more than 900 personnel.
Company: Headed by the Major, a Company comprises 120 soldiers.
Platoon: An intermediate between a Company and Section, a Platoon is headed by a Lieutenant or depending on the availability of Commissioned Officers, a Junior Commissioned Officer, with the rank of Subedar or Naik-Subedar. It has a total strength of about 32 troops.
Section: Smallest military outfit with a strength of 10 personnel. Commanded by a Non-commissioned officer of the rank of Havaldar or Sergeant. Other Field Formations
4 RAPID (Reorganised Army Plains Infantry Divisions)
18 Infantry Divisions
10 Mountain Divisions
3 Armoured Divisions
2 Artillery Divisions
6 Air Defence Brigades + 2 Surface-to-Air Missile Groups
5 Independent Armoured Brigades
15 Independent Artillery Brigades
7 Independent Infantry Brigades
1 Parachute Brigade
4 Engineer Brigades
14 Army Aviation Helicopter Units Statistics
63 Tank Regiments
7 Airborne Battalions
200 Artillery Regiments
360 Infantry Battalions + 5 Para (SF) Battalions
40 Mechanised Infantry Battalions
20 Combat Helicopter Units
35+ Air Defence Regiments Sub-Units
Major Exercises
After the December 13, 2001 attack on the Indian Parliament, Operation Parakram was launched in which tens of thousands of Indian troops were deployed along the Indo-Pakistan border. India blamed Pakistan for backing the attack. The operation was the largest military exercise carried out by any Asian country. Its prime objective is still unclear but appears to have been to prepare the army for any future nuclear conflict with Pakistan, which seemed increasingly possible after the December attack on the Indian parliament.
Operation Parakram
It has since been stated that the main goal of this exercise was to validate mobilisation strategies of the Ambala-based II Strike Corps. Air support was a part of this exercise, and an entire battalion of paratroops was paradropped during the conduct of the war games, with allied equipment. Some 20,000 jawans took part in the exercise.
Exercise Ashwamedha
Initially, the army's main objective was to defend the nation's frontiers. However, over the years, the army has also taken up the responsibility of providing internal security, especially in insurgent-hit Kashmir and north-east.
The army has a strength of about a million troops and fields 34 divisions. Its headquarters is located in the Indian capital New Delhi and it is under the overall command of the Chief of Army Staff (COAS), currently General Joginder Jaswant Singh.
Structure of the Indian Army
The army operates 6 tactical commands and one training command known as ARTRAC. Each command is headed by General Officer Commanding-in-Chief with the rank of Lieutenant General. Each command is directly affiliated to the Army HQ in New Delhi. These commands are given below in their correct order of raising, location (city) and their commanders.
Commands
Corps
A Corps is an army field formation responsible for a sector within a Command. There are 3 types of Corps in the Indian Army: Strike, Holding & Mixed. A Command generally consists of 2 or more Corps. A corps has Army Divisions under its command. The Corps HQ is the highest field formation in the army.
Field formation
In addition to this (not to be confused with the Field Corps mentioned above) are the Corps or Arms (Departmental) of the Indian Army. The corps mentioned below are the functional divisions entrusted with specific pan-Army tasks.
Services
Indian Infantry Regiments
Armoured Corps Regiments - The Armoured Corps School and Centre is at Ahmednagar.
Regiment of Artillery - The School of Artillery is at Devlali near Nasik.
Corps of Engineers - Centers at Bangalore,Roorkee, Pune.
Regiment of Air Defence Artillery - Center at Gopalpur in Orissa State.
Mechanised Infantry - Regimental Center at Ahmednagar.
Corps of Signals
Army Aviation Corps
Army Dental Corps
Army Education Corps - Center at Pachmarhi.
Army Medical Corps - Center at Lucknow.
Army Ordnance Corps - Centers at Jabalpur andSecunderabad.
Army Postal Service Corps
Army Service Corps - Center at Bangalore
Corps of Electrical and Mechanical Engineers- Center at Secunderabad .
Corps of Military Police [3] - Center at Bangalore
Intelligence Corps - Center at Pune.
Judge Advocate General's Deptt. - Institute of Military Law kamptee,Nagpur.
Military Farms Service
Military Nursing Service
Remount and Veterinary Corps
Pioneer Corps Arms
These arms comprises a sizable number of Army personnel under deputation. The director generals for these arms reports to the Ministry of Home Affairs, rather than Ministry of Defence except for BRO where the DG reports to Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways.
Rashtriya Rifles
National Security Guards or NSG
National Cadet Corps or NCC
Assam Rifles
Border Roads Organisation Quasi Army Arms
- Division: An Army Division is an intermediate between a Corps and a Brigade. It is the largest striking force in the army. Each Division is headed by [General Officer Commanding] (GOC) in the rank of Major General. It usually consists 15,000 combat troops and 8,000 support elements. Currently, the Indian Army has 34 Divisions including 4 Rapid (Re-organised Army Plains Infantry Divisions) Action Divisions, 18 Infantry Divisions, 10 Mountain Divisions, 3 Armoured Divisions and 2 Artillery Divisions. Each Division composes of several Brigades.
- Brigade: The Brigade is smaller than the Division and generally consists of 3 Infantry Battalions along with elements of various Combat & Support Arms & Services. It is headed by a Brigadier equivalent to a Brigadier General. The Indian Army also has 5 Independent Armoured Brigades, 15 Independent Artillery Brigades, 7 Independent Infantry Brigades, 1 Independent Parachute Brigade,3 Independent Air Defence Brigades, 2 Independent Air Defence Groups and 4 Independent Engineer Brigades. These Independent Brigades operate directly under the Corps Commander (GOC Corps).
- Battalion: A Battalion is commanded by a Colonel and is the Infantry's main fighting unit. It consists of more than 900 personnel.
- Company: Headed by the Major, a Company comprises 120 soldiers.
- Platoon: An intermediate between a Company and Section, a Platoon is headed by a Lieutenant or depending on the availability of Commissioned Officers, a Junior Commissioned Officer, with the rank of Subedar or Naik-Subedar. It has a total strength of about 32 troops.
- Section: Smallest military outfit with a strength of 10 personnel. Commanded by a Non-commissioned officer of the rank of Havaldar or Sergeant.
Division: An Army Division is an intermediate between a Corps and a Brigade. It is the largest striking force in the army. Each Division is headed by [General Officer Commanding] (GOC) in the rank of Major General. It usually consists 15,000 combat troops and 8,000 support elements. Currently, the Indian Army has 34 Divisions including 4 Rapid (Re-organised Army Plains Infantry Divisions) Action Divisions, 18 Infantry Divisions, 10 Mountain Divisions, 3 Armoured Divisions and 2 Artillery Divisions. Each Division composes of several Brigades.
Brigade: The Brigade is smaller than the Division and generally consists of 3 Infantry Battalions along with elements of various Combat & Support Arms & Services. It is headed by a Brigadier equivalent to a Brigadier General. The Indian Army also has 5 Independent Armoured Brigades, 15 Independent Artillery Brigades, 7 Independent Infantry Brigades, 1 Independent Parachute Brigade,3 Independent Air Defence Brigades, 2 Independent Air Defence Groups and 4 Independent Engineer Brigades. These Independent Brigades operate directly under the Corps Commander (GOC Corps).
Battalion: A Battalion is commanded by a Colonel and is the Infantry's main fighting unit. It consists of more than 900 personnel.
Company: Headed by the Major, a Company comprises 120 soldiers.
Platoon: An intermediate between a Company and Section, a Platoon is headed by a Lieutenant or depending on the availability of Commissioned Officers, a Junior Commissioned Officer, with the rank of Subedar or Naik-Subedar. It has a total strength of about 32 troops.
Section: Smallest military outfit with a strength of 10 personnel. Commanded by a Non-commissioned officer of the rank of Havaldar or Sergeant. Other Field Formations
4 RAPID (Reorganised Army Plains Infantry Divisions)
18 Infantry Divisions
10 Mountain Divisions
3 Armoured Divisions
2 Artillery Divisions
6 Air Defence Brigades + 2 Surface-to-Air Missile Groups
5 Independent Armoured Brigades
15 Independent Artillery Brigades
7 Independent Infantry Brigades
1 Parachute Brigade
4 Engineer Brigades
14 Army Aviation Helicopter Units Statistics
63 Tank Regiments
7 Airborne Battalions
200 Artillery Regiments
360 Infantry Battalions + 5 Para (SF) Battalions
40 Mechanised Infantry Battalions
20 Combat Helicopter Units
35+ Air Defence Regiments Sub-Units
Main article: List of regiments of the Indian Army Regiments
These are Several battalions or Units under the same formation in a Regiment. The Gurkha Regiment, for instance, has several battalions. All formations under a Regiment are battalions of the same arms or Corps (i.e., Infantry or Engineers). Regiments are not exactly field formations, in sense they mostly do not make a formation, all Regiments of the Gurkha's for instance would not fight together as one formation, but can be dispersed over various Brigades or Corps or even Commands. Regiments of the Indian Army (in order of seniority):-
See List of regiments of the Indian Army
Brigade of the Guards
The Parachute Regiment
Mechanised Infantry Regiment
Punjab Regiment
Madras Regiment
The Grenadiers
Maratha Light Infantry
Rajputana Rifles
Rajput Regiment
Jat Regiment
Sikh Regiment
Sikh Light Infantry
Dogra Regiment
Garhwal Rifles
Kumaon Regiment
Assam Regiment
Bihar Regiment
Mahar Regiment
Jammu & Kashmir Rifles
Jammu & Kashmir Light Infantry
Naga Regiment
1 Gorkha Rifles
3 Gorkha Rifles
4 Gorkha Rifles
5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)
8 Gorkha Rifles
9 Gorkha Rifles
11 Gorkha Rifles
Ladakh Scouts Infantry Regiments
Regiment of Artillery History
The Regiment of Artillery constitutes a formidable operational arm of Indian Army. Historically it takes its lineage from Moghul Emperor Babur who is popularly credited with introduction of Artillery in India, in the Battle of Panipat in 1526. However evidence of earlier use of gun by Bahmani Kings in the Battle of Adoni in 1368 and King Mohammed Shah of Gujrat in fifteenth century have been recorded.
These are Several battalions or Units under the same formation in a Regiment. The Gurkha Regiment, for instance, has several battalions. All formations under a Regiment are battalions of the same arms or Corps (i.e., Infantry or Engineers). Regiments are not exactly field formations, in sense they mostly do not make a formation, all Regiments of the Gurkha's for instance would not fight together as one formation, but can be dispersed over various Brigades or Corps or even Commands. Regiments of the Indian Army (in order of seniority):-
See List of regiments of the Indian Army
Brigade of the Guards
The Parachute Regiment
Mechanised Infantry Regiment
Punjab Regiment
Madras Regiment
The Grenadiers
Maratha Light Infantry
Rajputana Rifles
Rajput Regiment
Jat Regiment
Sikh Regiment
Sikh Light Infantry
Dogra Regiment
Garhwal Rifles
Kumaon Regiment
Assam Regiment
Bihar Regiment
Mahar Regiment
Jammu & Kashmir Rifles
Jammu & Kashmir Light Infantry
Naga Regiment
1 Gorkha Rifles
3 Gorkha Rifles
4 Gorkha Rifles
5 Gorkha Rifles (Frontier Force)
8 Gorkha Rifles
9 Gorkha Rifles
11 Gorkha Rifles
Ladakh Scouts Infantry Regiments
Regiment of Artillery History
The Regiment of Artillery constitutes a formidable operational arm of Indian Army. Historically it takes its lineage from Moghul Emperor Babur who is popularly credited with introduction of Artillery in India, in the Battle of Panipat in 1526. However evidence of earlier use of gun by Bahmani Kings in the Battle of Adoni in 1368 and King Mohammed Shah of Gujrat in fifteenth century have been recorded.
Main article: Regiment of Artillery (India) Artillery Regiments
Indian Army Staff
* includes 3,00,000 1st line troops and 5,00,000 2nd line troops
** includes 40,000 1st line troops and 1,60,000 2nd line troops
Strength
See: Army ranks and insignia of India
The various rank of the Indian Army are listed below in descending order:
Commissioned Officers
Junior Commissioned Officers (JCOs)
Non Commissioned Officers (NCOs)
Note: •1. Junior Commissioned Officers in the rank of Subedar, Naib Subedar are eligible for Honorary ranks - like Honorary Captains and Honorary Lieutenants. •2. Non-Commissioned Officers in the rank of Havaldar are elible for Honorary JCO ranks. •3. So far, there have been only two officers conferred the rank: Field Marshal K M Cariappa – the first Indian Commander-in-Chief (a post since abolished) – and Field Marshal S H F J Manekshaw, the Chief of Army Staff during the Army in the 1971 war with Pakistan. (See Field Marshals of India)
Field Marshal* (Only two officers made Field Marshal so far)
General (the rank held by Chief of Army Staff)
Lieutenant-General
Major-General
Brigadier - This may be renamed to Brigadier General, as a 1-star rank.
Colonel
Lieutenant-Colonel - There are discussions to discontinue this post.
Major
Captain
Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant - This has now been discontinued
Honorary Captain- Given to Outstanding JCO's Rank and pay of a Captain, role continues to be of a JCO
Honorary Lieutenant- Given to Outstanding JCO's Rank and pay of a Lieutenant, role continues to be of a JCO
Subedar Major
Subedar
Naib Subedar
Regimental Havildar Major - This has now been discontinued
Regimental Quarter Master Havildar - This has now been discontinued
Company Havildar Major
Company Quarter Master Havildar
Havildar
Naik
Lance Naik
Sepoy Rank Structure
The current combat doctrine of the Indian Army is based on effectively utilizing holding formations and strike formations. In the case of an attack, the holding formations would contain the enemy and strike formations would counterattack to neutralize enemy forces. In the case of an Indian attack, the holding formations would pin enemy forces down whilst the strike formations attack at a point of Indian choosing. The Indian Army is large enough to devote several corps to the strike role. Currently, the army is also looking at enhancing its special forces capabilities.
Combat Doctrine
Most of the army equipment is imported, but efforts are being made to manufacture indigenous equipment. All Indian Military Firearms guns are manufactured under the umbrella administration of the Ordnance Factory Board, with principal Firearm manufacturing facilities in Ishapore, Cossipore, Kanpur, Jabalpur and Tiruchirapalli. While ammunition is manufactured at Kirkee (Now Khadki) and possibly at Bolangir.
Equipment
Handguns
Sub-Machine Guns and Carbines
Assault Rifles
Sniping Rifles
Projectile Launchers
Machine guns
FN Browning GP35 9mmx19mm
SAF (Small Arms Factory) Pistol 1A 9mmx19mm, This is more or less a copy of the Canadian Inglis 9mm
Glock 17 9mmx19mm, The Glock 19 along with the 17 is in use with the Special Protection Group (Prime Minister's Security)
Heckler & Koch MP5A3 9mmx19mm SMG
Heckler & Koch MP5K 9mmx19mm SMG
SAF Carbine 1A 9mmx19mm, Indian made Sterling L2A1 SMG
SAF Carbine 2A1 9mmx19mm, Silenced Carbine
UZI 9mmx19mm SMG
RFI (Rifle Factory,Ishapore) SLR1A 7.62mmx51mm NATO Assault Rifle, A modified unlicensed FN FAL, This old work horse has now more or less been retired from IA service, most going to the police and paramilitary forces after reconditioning. Some however, remain in use.
RFI SLR1C 7.62mmx51mm, full Automatic variant of the SLR for use in APCs
AK-7, clone of the AK-47
INSAS 5.56mmx45mm Assault Rifle
TAVOR TAR-21 5.56mmx45mm, for special forces currently 3070 have been purchased from Israel 10
KBK AKMS 7.62mmx39mm, Polish AKS47-3
AK47M1 7.62mmx39mm, all black Bulgarian AK. Most of these have been imported for police and paramilitary forces
Soviet AKM AKMS 7.62mmx39mm
East German MPi-KM MPi-KMS72 7.62mmx39mm (Second hand)
Romanian MPiKM series 7.62mmx39mm, these are Romanian clones of the earstwhile East German rifles. Only external difference is the marking, finish and wooden instead of synthetic fruniture.
Czech Vz.58 and Vz.58P 7.62mmx39mm
Dragunov SVD59 7.62mmx54mmR Sniper Rifle
Mauser SP66 7.62mmx51mm Sniper Rifle
Heckler & Koch MSG-90 7.62mmx51mm Sniping Rifle. The H&K PSG-1 sniping rifle serves with the NSG anti-terrorist units while small numbers of the Steyr Mannlicher SSG69 serve with the para-military Border Security Force(BSF)
AGS-17 Plamya 30 mm automatic grenade launcher
M40 RCL 106 mm
Carl Gustav 84 mm recoilless rifles
Igla-19K310 / SA-16 Gimlet replacing the Strela-2M /SA-7b Grail - portable SAM
20 mm anti-material rifle
MG 1B 7.62mmx51mm, Indian made Bren- This is currently being retired. But may remain a while longer because of teething problems with its successor, the INSAS LMG
MG 2A1 7.62mmx51mm, Indian made MAG 58
MG 5A 7.62mmx51mm This is the Indian manufactured Co-axial MAG 58
MG 6A 7.62mmx51mm Another Indian version of the MAG58 specifically designed as a tank commanders gun.
INSAS 5.56mmx45mm LMG
FN-Browning M1919 .30Cal, in very limited quantities
Browning M2 machine gun .50cal, heavy machine gun in very limited numbers Small Arms
Main Battle Tanks
Armoured Fighting Vehicles
Arjun MBT Mk1 - main battle tanks (43). The Army has ordered production of this tank and the first batch of 43 of the ordered 124 tanks has already rolled out of the Avadi factory and are currently being put through trials to check the quality control of the production process. The remaining tanks will follow thereafter. Indian Army had bought 14 of these tanks for testing.
T-90S Bhishma - main battle tanks (410). Over 1000 more T-90S will be manufactured in India by 2010. India may sign a new contract for 350 additional T-90 tanks from Russia..
T-72 M1 Ajeya - main battle tanks (1,925). 268 T72M1 are upgraded by the Heavy vehicles factory (HVF). While requests for proposal for upgrading approximately 1000 other T-72's have been sent to various firms in Israel, Russia, Poland and France.
Vijayanta (1,800)
T-55 (900) main battle tanks. Vijayanta have been phased out while the T-55 are in the process of being phased out. Some of these tanks will be attached to infantry brigades and battalions, as Tarmour AFV since despite their vintage, the 105mm L7 gun has substantial firepower.[4]
BMP-1 (700) and BMP-2 (900+)Sarath - mechanised infantry combat vehicles relegated the OT-62/64 to mortar carriers. The BMP-2 are now being modernized with TISAS (thermal imaging stand alone sights), better fire control, and more modern ATGM armament (Konkurs M). BMP-1 has been phased out and the upgraded BMP-2 is BMP-2 M with two thermobaric missiles and two tandem warhead Konkurs missiles. Its also has an integrated TI sight and an LRF. Has an AGL mounted on the turret which is also stablised in the horizontal plane.
An indigenous AFV called Abhay ("Fearless") is under development.
Aditya Mine protected vehicle (250 by November 2007) - The Army has a requirement of 1400 such vehicles.
BRDM-2 (110) amphibious reconnaissance vehicles. Armed with anti-tank missiles.
Ferret armoured cars (100) - Used for internal security duties.
Combat vehicles
Bridge Layer Tank using a T-72 chassis and Kartik Armoured Bridgelayer on a Vijayanta chassis - armoured vehicle-launched bridges
Multi-Hop and Extended Span Assault Bridges on T-72 chassis
Sarvatra - 8x8 truck-mounted bridging system
VT-72B ARV (200+) and WZT-3 ARV (124, 228 to be delivered by 2007) - armoured recovery vehicle replacing the Vijayanta ARV
BMP-2 Armoured Amphibious Dozer and Engineer Reconnaissance Vehicle (ERV)
Casspir - mine protected vehicles (165)
Stallion 4x4 Truck for GS Role
Ashok Leyland Truck Fire Fighting
Ashok Leyland 5kl Water Bowser
Ashok Leyland Light Recovery Vehicle 4x4
Mahindra - light multi-role 4x4
Rampar - amphibious 4x4 Non-combat vehicles
Howitzers:
Rocket Artillery:
Abbot (105 mm) and M-46 Catapult (130 mm) to be replaced by 3600 new 155 mm self-propelled howitzers by 2025. On the short list is the Denel LIW T6 turreted Arjun and the Celsius (Bofors) FH-77AD
BM-21 (150+) - Modernized rockets with range of 40 km was purchased from Russia. Artillery
Surface to air missile Systems
MANPADS
Air Defense Artillery
Akash- Under Trials. Due to delays in the Akash missile program the ZRK-SD Kvadrat / SA-6a Gainful air defence systems is being upgraded (100)
SA-6 Gainful- In Service
SA-10
ZSU-23-4M 'Shilka' self-propelled air defence guns- 48 Systems upgraded
Upgraded Bofors L40/70 40 mm AA guns replacing the L40/60
ZSU-23-2 twin 23 mm AA guns Air Defence
Nag- Third Generation fire and forget IIR Guided ATGM developed Indigenously. Its presently under user trials.
Milan 2- License Produced
9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandrel)
9M111 Fagot (AT-4 Spigot)
9M14 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger)- Being Phased out
9M119 Svir (AT-11 Sniper)- for T-90S.
Lahat- fired from Arjun Tanks 120mm Cannon. Anti-Tank Guided weapons
Brahmos Land Attack Cruise Missile-
Prithvi-I Short Range Ballistic Missile (150km) - In Service
Agni-I Medium Range Ballistic Missile (700km)- In Service
Agni-II Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (2500km)- In Service
Agni-III Intermedia Range Ballistic Missile (3500km)- In service Surface to Surface Missiles
This is a list of aircraft of the Indian Army. For the list of aircraft of the Indian Air Force, see List of aircraft of the Indian Air Force.
The Indian Army operates more than 380 helicopters, plus additional unmanned aerial vehicles.
The Indian army has projected a requirement for a helicopter that can carry loads of up to 75 kg heights of 23,000 feet on the Siachen Glacier in Jammu and Kashmir. Flying at these heights poses unique challenges due to the rarefied atmosphere. The Indian Army chose the Eurocopter AS 550 for a $550 million contract for 197 light helicopters to replace its ageing fleet of Chetaks and Cheetahs, some of which were inducted more than three decades ago.
Aircraft
Listed below are the most notable people to have received the Param Vir Chakra, the highest military decoration of the Indian Army.
Lt. Nawang Kapadia
Major Navneet Vats
Major Rajesh Singh Adhikari, MVC
Lance Naik Ahmed Ali [5]
Lieutenant Keishing Clifford Nongrum [6] Recipients of the Param Vir Chakra
Nair Saab: A Malayalam movie shot in Jammu and Kashmir starring Mammooty in the lead role as Captain. Gallery
Military of India
British Indian Army
Indian National Army
Indian Territorial Army
Indian Army Staff
* includes 3,00,000 1st line troops and 5,00,000 2nd line troops
** includes 40,000 1st line troops and 1,60,000 2nd line troops
Strength
See: Army ranks and insignia of India
The various rank of the Indian Army are listed below in descending order:
Commissioned Officers
Junior Commissioned Officers (JCOs)
Non Commissioned Officers (NCOs)
Note: •1. Junior Commissioned Officers in the rank of Subedar, Naib Subedar are eligible for Honorary ranks - like Honorary Captains and Honorary Lieutenants. •2. Non-Commissioned Officers in the rank of Havaldar are elible for Honorary JCO ranks. •3. So far, there have been only two officers conferred the rank: Field Marshal K M Cariappa – the first Indian Commander-in-Chief (a post since abolished) – and Field Marshal S H F J Manekshaw, the Chief of Army Staff during the Army in the 1971 war with Pakistan. (See Field Marshals of India)
Field Marshal* (Only two officers made Field Marshal so far)
General (the rank held by Chief of Army Staff)
Lieutenant-General
Major-General
Brigadier - This may be renamed to Brigadier General, as a 1-star rank.
Colonel
Lieutenant-Colonel - There are discussions to discontinue this post.
Major
Captain
Lieutenant
Second Lieutenant - This has now been discontinued
Honorary Captain- Given to Outstanding JCO's Rank and pay of a Captain, role continues to be of a JCO
Honorary Lieutenant- Given to Outstanding JCO's Rank and pay of a Lieutenant, role continues to be of a JCO
Subedar Major
Subedar
Naib Subedar
Regimental Havildar Major - This has now been discontinued
Regimental Quarter Master Havildar - This has now been discontinued
Company Havildar Major
Company Quarter Master Havildar
Havildar
Naik
Lance Naik
Sepoy Rank Structure
The current combat doctrine of the Indian Army is based on effectively utilizing holding formations and strike formations. In the case of an attack, the holding formations would contain the enemy and strike formations would counterattack to neutralize enemy forces. In the case of an Indian attack, the holding formations would pin enemy forces down whilst the strike formations attack at a point of Indian choosing. The Indian Army is large enough to devote several corps to the strike role. Currently, the army is also looking at enhancing its special forces capabilities.
Combat Doctrine
Most of the army equipment is imported, but efforts are being made to manufacture indigenous equipment. All Indian Military Firearms guns are manufactured under the umbrella administration of the Ordnance Factory Board, with principal Firearm manufacturing facilities in Ishapore, Cossipore, Kanpur, Jabalpur and Tiruchirapalli. While ammunition is manufactured at Kirkee (Now Khadki) and possibly at Bolangir.
Equipment
Handguns
Sub-Machine Guns and Carbines
Assault Rifles
Sniping Rifles
Projectile Launchers
Machine guns
FN Browning GP35 9mmx19mm
SAF (Small Arms Factory) Pistol 1A 9mmx19mm, This is more or less a copy of the Canadian Inglis 9mm
Glock 17 9mmx19mm, The Glock 19 along with the 17 is in use with the Special Protection Group (Prime Minister's Security)
Heckler & Koch MP5A3 9mmx19mm SMG
Heckler & Koch MP5K 9mmx19mm SMG
SAF Carbine 1A 9mmx19mm, Indian made Sterling L2A1 SMG
SAF Carbine 2A1 9mmx19mm, Silenced Carbine
UZI 9mmx19mm SMG
RFI (Rifle Factory,Ishapore) SLR1A 7.62mmx51mm NATO Assault Rifle, A modified unlicensed FN FAL, This old work horse has now more or less been retired from IA service, most going to the police and paramilitary forces after reconditioning. Some however, remain in use.
RFI SLR1C 7.62mmx51mm, full Automatic variant of the SLR for use in APCs
AK-7, clone of the AK-47
INSAS 5.56mmx45mm Assault Rifle
TAVOR TAR-21 5.56mmx45mm, for special forces currently 3070 have been purchased from Israel 10
KBK AKMS 7.62mmx39mm, Polish AKS47-3
AK47M1 7.62mmx39mm, all black Bulgarian AK. Most of these have been imported for police and paramilitary forces
Soviet AKM AKMS 7.62mmx39mm
East German MPi-KM MPi-KMS72 7.62mmx39mm (Second hand)
Romanian MPiKM series 7.62mmx39mm, these are Romanian clones of the earstwhile East German rifles. Only external difference is the marking, finish and wooden instead of synthetic fruniture.
Czech Vz.58 and Vz.58P 7.62mmx39mm
Dragunov SVD59 7.62mmx54mmR Sniper Rifle
Mauser SP66 7.62mmx51mm Sniper Rifle
Heckler & Koch MSG-90 7.62mmx51mm Sniping Rifle. The H&K PSG-1 sniping rifle serves with the NSG anti-terrorist units while small numbers of the Steyr Mannlicher SSG69 serve with the para-military Border Security Force(BSF)
AGS-17 Plamya 30 mm automatic grenade launcher
M40 RCL 106 mm
Carl Gustav 84 mm recoilless rifles
Igla-19K310 / SA-16 Gimlet replacing the Strela-2M /SA-7b Grail - portable SAM
20 mm anti-material rifle
MG 1B 7.62mmx51mm, Indian made Bren- This is currently being retired. But may remain a while longer because of teething problems with its successor, the INSAS LMG
MG 2A1 7.62mmx51mm, Indian made MAG 58
MG 5A 7.62mmx51mm This is the Indian manufactured Co-axial MAG 58
MG 6A 7.62mmx51mm Another Indian version of the MAG58 specifically designed as a tank commanders gun.
INSAS 5.56mmx45mm LMG
FN-Browning M1919 .30Cal, in very limited quantities
Browning M2 machine gun .50cal, heavy machine gun in very limited numbers Small Arms
Main Battle Tanks
Armoured Fighting Vehicles
Arjun MBT Mk1 - main battle tanks (43). The Army has ordered production of this tank and the first batch of 43 of the ordered 124 tanks has already rolled out of the Avadi factory and are currently being put through trials to check the quality control of the production process. The remaining tanks will follow thereafter. Indian Army had bought 14 of these tanks for testing.
T-90S Bhishma - main battle tanks (410). Over 1000 more T-90S will be manufactured in India by 2010. India may sign a new contract for 350 additional T-90 tanks from Russia..
T-72 M1 Ajeya - main battle tanks (1,925). 268 T72M1 are upgraded by the Heavy vehicles factory (HVF). While requests for proposal for upgrading approximately 1000 other T-72's have been sent to various firms in Israel, Russia, Poland and France.
Vijayanta (1,800)
T-55 (900) main battle tanks. Vijayanta have been phased out while the T-55 are in the process of being phased out. Some of these tanks will be attached to infantry brigades and battalions, as Tarmour AFV since despite their vintage, the 105mm L7 gun has substantial firepower.[4]
BMP-1 (700) and BMP-2 (900+)Sarath - mechanised infantry combat vehicles relegated the OT-62/64 to mortar carriers. The BMP-2 are now being modernized with TISAS (thermal imaging stand alone sights), better fire control, and more modern ATGM armament (Konkurs M). BMP-1 has been phased out and the upgraded BMP-2 is BMP-2 M with two thermobaric missiles and two tandem warhead Konkurs missiles. Its also has an integrated TI sight and an LRF. Has an AGL mounted on the turret which is also stablised in the horizontal plane.
An indigenous AFV called Abhay ("Fearless") is under development.
Aditya Mine protected vehicle (250 by November 2007) - The Army has a requirement of 1400 such vehicles.
BRDM-2 (110) amphibious reconnaissance vehicles. Armed with anti-tank missiles.
Ferret armoured cars (100) - Used for internal security duties.
Combat vehiclesBridge Layer Tank using a T-72 chassis and Kartik Armoured Bridgelayer on a Vijayanta chassis - armoured vehicle-launched bridges
Multi-Hop and Extended Span Assault Bridges on T-72 chassis
Sarvatra - 8x8 truck-mounted bridging system
VT-72B ARV (200+) and WZT-3 ARV (124, 228 to be delivered by 2007) - armoured recovery vehicle replacing the Vijayanta ARV
BMP-2 Armoured Amphibious Dozer and Engineer Reconnaissance Vehicle (ERV)
Casspir - mine protected vehicles (165)
Stallion 4x4 Truck for GS Role
Ashok Leyland Truck Fire Fighting
Ashok Leyland 5kl Water Bowser
Ashok Leyland Light Recovery Vehicle 4x4
Mahindra - light multi-role 4x4
Rampar - amphibious 4x4 Non-combat vehicles
Howitzers:
Rocket Artillery:
Abbot (105 mm) and M-46 Catapult (130 mm) to be replaced by 3600 new 155 mm self-propelled howitzers by 2025. On the short list is the Denel LIW T6 turreted Arjun and the Celsius (Bofors) FH-77AD
BM-21 (150+) - Modernized rockets with range of 40 km was purchased from Russia. Artillery
Surface to air missile Systems
MANPADS
Air Defense Artillery
Akash- Under Trials. Due to delays in the Akash missile program the ZRK-SD Kvadrat / SA-6a Gainful air defence systems is being upgraded (100)
SA-6 Gainful- In Service
SA-10
ZSU-23-4M 'Shilka' self-propelled air defence guns- 48 Systems upgraded
Upgraded Bofors L40/70 40 mm AA guns replacing the L40/60
ZSU-23-2 twin 23 mm AA guns Air Defence
Nag- Third Generation fire and forget IIR Guided ATGM developed Indigenously. Its presently under user trials.
Milan 2- License Produced
9M113 Konkurs (AT-5 Spandrel)
9M111 Fagot (AT-4 Spigot)
9M14 Malyutka (AT-3 Sagger)- Being Phased out
9M119 Svir (AT-11 Sniper)- for T-90S.
Lahat- fired from Arjun Tanks 120mm Cannon. Anti-Tank Guided weapons
Brahmos Land Attack Cruise Missile-
Prithvi-I Short Range Ballistic Missile (150km) - In Service
Agni-I Medium Range Ballistic Missile (700km)- In Service
Agni-II Intermediate Range Ballistic Missile (2500km)- In Service
Agni-III Intermedia Range Ballistic Missile (3500km)- In service Surface to Surface Missiles
This is a list of aircraft of the Indian Army. For the list of aircraft of the Indian Air Force, see List of aircraft of the Indian Air Force.
The Indian Army operates more than 380 helicopters, plus additional unmanned aerial vehicles.
The Indian army has projected a requirement for a helicopter that can carry loads of up to 75 kg heights of 23,000 feet on the Siachen Glacier in Jammu and Kashmir. Flying at these heights poses unique challenges due to the rarefied atmosphere. The Indian Army chose the Eurocopter AS 550 for a $550 million contract for 197 light helicopters to replace its ageing fleet of Chetaks and Cheetahs, some of which were inducted more than three decades ago.
Aircraft
Listed below are the most notable people to have received the Param Vir Chakra, the highest military decoration of the Indian Army.
Lt. Nawang Kapadia
Major Navneet Vats
Major Rajesh Singh Adhikari, MVC
Lance Naik Ahmed Ali [5]
Lieutenant Keishing Clifford Nongrum [6] Recipients of the Param Vir Chakra
Nair Saab: A Malayalam movie shot in Jammu and Kashmir starring Mammooty in the lead role as Captain. Gallery
Military of India
British Indian Army
Indian National Army
Indian Territorial Army
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